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Atomically buying digital information with digital forex is an concept that has an extended historical past on this house. Digital items, digital cash, the 2 seem to be an ideal pairing collectively. Digital items, i.e. data, are additionally huge markets. Take into consideration all of the video, audio, textual content, video games, and different types of digital content material that individuals buy and eat frequently. These are markets value billions and billions of {dollars} that individuals work together with every day.
Many of the critical makes an attempt at implementing paid file sharing have gone down dangerous roads. Filecoin was an try to do that on high of IPFS, however in the end the venture is absurdly over engineered. BitTorrent (the corporate, not the protocol) was purchased by Justin Solar and built-in its personal cryptocurrency and blockchain. Each of those tasks have successfully gone nowhere productive, with extraordinarily overengineered methods on the technical aspect, and really doubtful incentives on the financial aspect.
BitStream is a proposal by Robin Linus (ever think about slowing down and taking a break Robin?) to aim to handle the necessities of atomicly buying information with out the pointless addition of altcoins and over engineered technical protocols for the change.
All information could be uniquely recognized by a single hash, this can be a essential element on this scheme. Promoting a file atomically requires encrypting the file utilizing a operate that permits the person to confirm what’s encrypted, and after having accomplished so the person atomically purchases the encryption key for the file. The issue is the verification course of, and extra importantly proving in the event you had been cheated and the file decrypts to incorrect information, is pricey. Naively accomplished, you would wish to supply your entire encrypted file and the decryption key so others might decrypt it and confirm the decrypted information didn’t match the anticipated hash worth when hashed.
File-sharing methods like BitTorrent regularly break information up into customary sized chunks and construct a merkle tree out of them, which permits the foundation hash to operate as a file identifier in a magnet hyperlink and to confirm every particular person chunk of a file you obtain is a sound piece of that file. It is a property that may be taken benefit of to drastically enhance the effectivity of fraud proofs displaying a file distributor cheated you.
The vendor of the file can generate a random worth and use this to encrypt every file chunk utilizing a XOR operation in opposition to that random worth. They’ll then signal an attestation of the encrypted file root hash and the hash of the encryption worth. The encrypted file tree is about up in a particular option to facilitate easy fraud proofs.
As a substitute of constructing the merkle tree out of simply the traditional file chunks, however encrypted, the tree creates pairs of leaves that consist of 1 encrypted file chunk and the hash of the unencrypted file chunk subsequent to it. Now at this level the customer can obtain the encrypted file, and after verifying by taking all the hashes of the unencrypted chunks and making a merkle tree from them to make sure they match the foundation hash of the unencrypted file, can atomically buy the decryption worth. That is achieved by the vendor utilizing it because the preimage to an HTLC over the Lightning community or a chaumian ecash mint like Cashu which helps HTLCs.
If the file doesn’t decrypt appropriately, both as a result of the encrypted information is a special file or the preimage isn’t the precise encryption key, the merkle path within the encrypted file tree to any two leaves can present the vendor cheated the customer. Offering simply the trail to any encrypted file chunk and its corresponding unencrypted chunk hash with the preimage the customer bought will show definitively the vendor didn’t present the customer with the file they claimed they had been.
Any file vendor utilizing the BitStream protocol can deposit a bond that may be slashed with a fraud proof as designed above in the event that they cheat a buyer. This may be enforced by merely depositing a bond at a chaumian mint within the easiest case. Platforms like Liquid provide different strategies of constructing a bond that may really be enforced trustlessly with performance like OP_CAT. Scripts could possibly be constructed that truly take the BitStream fraud proof and validate it on the stack, permitting the creation of a UTXO that will be spendable by anybody who had a sound fraud proof. If OP_CAT ever turned out there on the mainchain, this might even be accomplished fully trustlessly without having a federated execution atmosphere.
BitStream is an extremely promising protocol for atomically promoting digital data with a really environment friendly scheme for proving fraud, no shitcoins required.
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